![]() Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein MLKL causes necrotic membrane disruption upon phosphorylation by RIP3. MLKL compromises plasma membrane integrity by binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates. Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase. Engineered anti-CRISPR proteins for optogenetic control of CRISPR-Cas9. Structural basis of CRISPR-Sp圜as9 inhibition by an anti-CRISPR protein. Inhibition mechanism of an anti-CRISPR suppressor AcrIIA4 targeting Sp圜as9. SOAR and the polybasic STIM1 domains gate and regulate Orai channels. Near-infrared photoactivatable control of Ca 2+ signaling and optogenetic immunomodulation. A cytosolic homomerization and a modulatory domain within STIM1 C terminus determine coupling to ORAI1 channels. STIM1 gates the store-operated calcium channel ORAI1 in vitro. Disruption of the LOV-Jalpha helix interaction activates phototropin kinase activity. Rationally improving LOV domain-based photoswitches. Factors that control the chemistry of the LOV domain photocycle. LOVTRAP: an optogenetic system for photoinduced protein dissociation. Remote control of therapeutic T cells through a small molecule-gated chimeric receptor. Universal chimeric antigen receptors for multiplexed and logical control of T cell responses. Circular permutation: a different way to engineer enzyme structure and function. Circular permutation and receptor insertion within green fluorescent proteins. Structural basis of a phototropin light switch. Illuminating cell signalling with optogenetic tools. Our approach is widely applicable for engineering other photoreceptors to meet the growing need of optogenetic tools tailored for biomedical and biotechnological applications. We demonstrate the use of cpLOV2-based optogenetic tools to reversibly gate ion channels, antagonize CRISPR–Cas9-mediated genome engineering, control protein subcellular localization, reprogram transcriptional outputs, elicit cell suicide and generate photoactivatable chimeric antigen receptor T cells for inducible tumor cell killing. Here, we engineered a set of LOV2 circular permutants (cpLOV2) with additional caging capabilities, thereby expanding the repertoire of genetically encoded photoswitches to accelerate the design of optogenetic devices. ![]() However, the applicability of LOV2 is hampered by the limited choice of available caging surfaces and its preference to accommodate the effector domains downstream of the C-terminal Jα helix. For example, the number of ways to arrange 5 children in a circle choosing from a group of n children.Plant-based photosensors, such as the light-oxygen-voltage sensing domain 2 (LOV2) from oat phototropin 1, can be modularly wired into cell signaling networks to remotely control protein activity and physiological processes. This equation computes the number of circular ordered arrangements of r distinct elements for a set of n elements. The formula for circular permutations is as follows: ( n) The total number of objects in the circle.Ĭircular Permutations: The calculator computes and return the number of circular permutations P c(n,r).The Circular Permutations calculator computes the number of circular permutations possible in a set of r elements from a finite set of n objects where different orders create different permutations (i.e. ![]()
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